{"id":462,"date":"2014-11-14T10:19:46","date_gmt":"2014-11-14T10:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/emep.org\/?p=462"},"modified":"2014-11-14T10:19:46","modified_gmt":"2014-11-14T10:19:46","slug":"strangulation-and-dissolution-in-the-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emep.org\/en\/strangulation-and-dissolution-in-the-middle-east","title":{"rendered":"Entanglements and Disintegration in the Middle East"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"vc_cmsms_shortcodes-custom-css\"><\/style><p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">Since<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">last summer,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">world public opinion<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">has been following<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">what is happening<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the Middle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">East with<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">great astonishment<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, anxiety <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and anger.<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> As of June, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the people of Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> are <\/span><span lang=\"en\">facing a<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">barbarism<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">embodied<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">particularly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">by the actions of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the forces<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\">1<\/a><\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"en\">Medieval<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">religious wars<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">practically<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> being <\/span><span lang=\"en\">revived<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the region<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span>As though the death of hundreds of innocent civilians losing their lives on a daily basis to the suicide attacks in Iraq and the civil war in Syria were not enough, the people of this region have now to withstand also the primitive forms of violence orchestrated by ISIL via sectarian cleansing, beheading, and women being trafficked in slave markets.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\">The Western public opinion, puzzled with the question of \u201cHow can such forms of barbarism be present in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century?\u201d is spectating the revival of medievalism in the Middle East through the lens of a media that is covering the events in this region as phenomena that are unconnected to, devoid of, and in existence despite the bourgeois-capitalist civilisation<span lang=\"en\">. The<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">monopoly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">media delimits<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the <\/span>culpability of the imperialist countries to its hesitance to intervene to end this barbarism. This desire for intervention does not stem from humanitarian reasons but from the scare and prospect that \u201cthis savagery will land on our doorstep\u201d. In fact, the medievalism we contemporarily see unfolding in the Middle East is nothing more than the inverted version of capitalist imperialism!<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\">In the past, the \u2018neo-cons\u2019 and their US generals threatened, in a rather haughty manner, that any regional force in the Middle East and Asia resisting their will and impositions will be \u201cbombed backed to two thousand years\u201d. As countenanced by all, this warning was not solely constituent of words; it had practical implications: the US and other imperialist powers, by means of war and attacks have slumped Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya into bitter and torturous realities. The \u201ctechnologically sophisticated\u201d bombs that have come to fruition in the imperialist era of modern capitalism have not only led to civilian deaths and the destruction of inhabitancies in the Middle East, they have also toppled the states, engendered the dissolution of the social fabric, and \u2013 their artificial and brutal nature notwithstanding \u2013 led to demolition of nations and states. Resultantly, tribes, sects and religion have largely shaped the ideational issues and sensitivities, instead of states and nations. The floodgates to sectarianism in the Middle East have purposively been opened by imperialist wars and interventions coordinated by the US. Thus, ISIL is indirectly a by-product of the imperialist wars in this region.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\"><b>A new<\/b><\/span><b> <\/b><span lang=\"en\"><b>period of<\/b><\/span><b> <\/b><span lang=\"en\"><b>disintegration in<\/b><\/span><b> <\/b><span lang=\"en\"><b>the Middle East<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">Today<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">it is clear that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the strategy of &#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">state building&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">George<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">W.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Bush<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> has <\/span><span lang=\"en\">led to the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;state<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">destroying<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">The Obama administration <\/span><span lang=\"en\">knows it.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It would be<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">superficial to interpret<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the bombings<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">\u2013 after<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the creation of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a broad<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">coalition<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> \u2013 <\/span><span lang=\"en\">as a transformation of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Obama<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">into<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Bush.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"de-DE\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">The actuality we are faced with can be summarised with the following words: The borders of the states and regimes fashioned by the victors of the First World War, particularly in the Middle East, is undergoing a process of dissolution \u2013 a process described by some as \u201cconstructive chaos\u201d.<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote2sym\" name=\"sdfootnote2anc\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> This process is constitutive of a negative and a positive dynamic. The Arab uprisings and resistances represent the latter, while the former is epitomised \u2013 firstly and foremostly by the US \u2013 by the interventionist and destructive policies in this region. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\">If you can impose your will on the world, then, you have profound economic, political, military, diplomatic and mediatic resources. This wealth of resources <span lang=\"en\">allows an<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">imperialist state<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> to <\/span><span lang=\"en\">implement a<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">policy that also<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">aims to turn<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">failures<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">into successes.<\/span> The policy of the US under Obama regarding the above-mentioned dynamics can be summarised as an attempt to transmute the negative dynamic into the positive dynamic and vice versa. In other words, the US, on the one hand, concomitant to derailing the Arab rebellions that have shaken the autocratic and reactionary regimes in this region, by means of making use of the political and organisational drawbacks of these revolts, has used these uprisings as means of imposing its imperial policies and projects. On the other hand, <span lang=\"en\">they want to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">prevent<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">regional and international<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">forces from<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">taking advantage of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">vacuums caused<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">by state<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and social disintegrations<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, which are simply <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the consequences of their<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">policies,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and to use them as<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a means<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of restructuring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"de-DE\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">The former case is demonstrable with the case of Egypt, and the \u201cfight against ISIL\u201d concretises the latter case. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">Clearly,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">US<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">has<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">aided ISIL, with which<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">it only waged war very recently,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\"> as a pit-bull <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">to subdue particularly<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">the<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">States and<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">forces in the region<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">The overthrow of<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\"> Nouri al-<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">Maliki<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">former Prime Minister of <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">Iraq<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">), who had \u201ccrossed <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">the line<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">&#8221; in Iraq <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">was just an initial spin-off of this policy. In addition to utilising ISIL to upend the hegemonic aims or projects of the states in the region (and these states include Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar), this force is also used to reinvent the tarnished image of the US in the region. These developments have facilitated a shift in the ties the states in the region have with one another as well as giving birth to alliances among states that share similar interests. For example, Iran has opted to formally stay out of the coalition and benefit from the somewhat blemished image of Turkey. On the other, the anti-Muslim Brotherhood alliance between Israel, Saudi Arabia and Egypt has fostered the potential for US\u2019 new approach to yield extensive results. And Russia is aiming to build new and close ties with the state of Turkey, which now has growing disagreements with the US. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">The US has waited<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">precisely<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> for <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the strengthening<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of ISIL<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span>On account of being well acquainted with the logic, ideology, aims and the \u201csocial reality\u201d of this organisation (the Sunni segments that have lost their old status), the US knew where and how ISIL will attack once it gained ground and hence it has based its intervention plan on this knowledge. <span lang=\"en\">However, this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">plan<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">contains<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">two clearly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">contradictory elements<\/span><span lang=\"en\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">a)<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the disproportion between<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the existing forces<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of ISIL (<\/span><span lang=\"en\">about<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> 20,000 to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">30,000<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">armed fighters<\/span><span lang=\"en\">) and the size <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of the coalition formed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">against this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">organization<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">(more than 40<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">countries!<\/span><span lang=\"en\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">b<\/span><span lang=\"en\">) <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The contradiction between<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the announcement of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">decision &#8220;not to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">send ground troops<\/span><span lang=\"en\">,&#8221; and <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the reality of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the need for<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ground<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">troops<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">(admitted by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the General Staff of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the US)<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to annihilate this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">enemy once and for all<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"de-DE\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">As demonstrated by these conflicting features, \u201cthe fight against ISIL\u201d is not founded on the alleged claim: the necessity of eradicating ISIL. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">Also, if<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">one takes into account<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">the statements<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">of the leaders of<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">the US,<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">namely that<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">this fight will <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">take at least<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">three years<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">&#8221; (the <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">former president of the<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">CIA<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">and the Pentagon<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">, Leon <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">Panetta,<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">says<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">same<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\"> thing: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;we are going into<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">a Thirty Years War!<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;), then <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">one can see<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">that it is not<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">so easy to explain<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">what is happening<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">in the Middle East<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">simply by the events that have developed in the region<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">The importance of<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">the Middle<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">East remains strategic without any doubt.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en\"> However, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">the role of this region in the world hegemony scheme of the US is not identical to that imputed to it previously. The US has declared the Asia-Pacific as being the epicentre of its world hegemony strategy, and today, partly owing to the advantageous position it has gained vis-\u00e0-vis shale gas and oil, it is the most powerful imperialist force in the region with the opportunity to pursue flexible tactics and options. In other words, the Middle East is no longer the <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>pivot<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> around which the US strategy for world hegemony revolves. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\">The nature of the engagement that the US has with this region is dependent upon the steps it can and cannot tread in accordance with its aims of world domination. This measure necessitates the following: hampering other imperialist and regional states\u2019 attempts at gaining important positions in the Middle East that would enable them to oppose or weaken the hegemony of the US! In fact, this is not unique to the steps the US takes in the Middle East; it is a policy that it adopts worldwide: making it impossible for any other force to gain enough power to be on par with it, and obstructing the attempts by the rival countries by damaging their positions and opportunities. Via Ukraine, it aims to upset the special relations between Germany and Russia, and via Japan and India, it aims to develop strategic response to China\u2019s hegemony in the region, and via ISIL, it aims to discipline the regional powers and limit the remit of its rivals etc. The contemporary US is no longer aiming to create a \u201cnew world\u201d \u2013 the coalition\u2019s discourse is not based on <i>fighting for a thing, <\/i>but<i> against a thing<\/i>! The US\u2019 priority is to fetter others from conceding positions that would enable them to modify the terms of the existing world order of which it is the \u201cseignior\u201d of and thereby impede them from creating \u201ca new world order\u201d that would challenge it.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In this sense, the coalition that the US has formed against ISIL is therefore a platform to restrain and disciplining rival tendencies. The US as a result of making \u201cthe fight against ISIL\u201d a protracted fight it is aiming to attain time and try to shape and direct the regional dissolution in tandem with its strategy for world hegemony. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"de-DE\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\"><b>The <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>actual<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\"><b> and <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>assumed role played<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\"><b> by the AKP government<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"de-DE\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">The<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">regional<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">policy of the Turkish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">AKP government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">has not been limited<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to a simple<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">collaboration<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">with imperialism<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a relationship of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;dependence&#8221;<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">defined by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">collaboration<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Particularly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its policy towards<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Syria,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">linked to the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">theory of &#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">deep strategy&#8221;, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">devised by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the current Prime<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Minister and former<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Foreign Minister<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">had<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">expansionist<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;neo<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8211;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Ottoman&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">hopes.<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> Turkey has <\/span><span lang=\"en\">its own demands<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and objectives.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Assad, President of <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Syria,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">will be overthrown<\/span><span lang=\"en\">,&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and they will go<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to pray in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Umayyad Mosque<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Damascus<\/span><span lang=\"en\">! <\/span><span lang=\"en\">To achieve this objective<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">as reported by Joe Biden<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">US Vice President<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in a speech at<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Harvard University<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the Turkish <\/span><span lang=\"en\">AKP government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">will not hesitate to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">do it all.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey has<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">become the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">port <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of entry and exit of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">international<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Islamic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Legionnaires<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Turkey<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> is <\/span><span lang=\"en\">risking itself<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in these adventures&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">What the regional policy of<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">AKP government<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">whose collapse<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">no one can doubt any longer,<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> wanted to do, particularly <\/span><span lang=\"en\">during the war<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and what it<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">actually led to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is now known to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">world public opinion<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Still the government<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> is <\/span><span lang=\"en\">acting as a poker<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">player who<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is about to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">lose all his money<\/span><span lang=\"en\">! <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Seeing<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a sign<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of weakness in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the face<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">opposing<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">player, he<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">wants to raise<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the stakes.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It also<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">increased<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the conditions<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">for its participation<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the coalition<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">during negotiations with<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">USA<\/span><span lang=\"en\">: the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">establishment of a &#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">buffer zone&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in Syria (<\/span><span lang=\"en\">also known <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in recent days<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">as a &#8220;safe<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">zone&#8221;)<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, that <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the zone be<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">declared<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> a <\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;no-fly&#8221; zone and that \u201cthe Syrian opposition<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">forces&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">and the welcome <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of exiles<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and refugees<\/span><span lang=\"en\">) be <\/span><span lang=\"en\">trained and armed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">safe zone.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It is interesting to note that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the discrepancy between the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">axis of struggle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">proposed by the US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and the real need<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to achieve<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the stated objectives<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">final and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">rapid elimination<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of ISIL found<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">exactly the opposite reaction<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">preconditions proposed by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the AKP government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">for participating<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the coalition.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Here<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the situation can be<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">summarized as<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">follows:<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">if<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">you pursue your<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">own interests<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the name of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">the fight against ISIL<\/span><span lang=\"en\">,<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8221; then <\/span><span lang=\"en\">I will link<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this struggle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to the overthrow of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Assad regime<\/span><span lang=\"en\">!<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">The AKP government insists that in order for them to give active support to the US-proclaimed-operation to &#8220;restraining and destroying ISIL&#8221; the coalition forces should aim to overthrow the Assad regime as well. By doing this they believe the US would give in to their demands. No matter how necessary a \u201cground operation\u201d might be militarily in order to achieve the declared objective, this does not oblige the US, which has a totally different strategy, to meet Turkey\u2019s conditions. Turkey\u2019s main error in its calculation here is the fact that there is a significant difference between the short-term objectives of the US commitments in the Middle East under Obama and the objectives of engagement in the region under George W. Bush.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">The meaning of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">blackmail<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">buffer zone&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">as posited by the <\/span><span lang=\"en\"><i>Foreign Policy <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en\">journal<\/span><span lang=\"en\">) is very <\/span><span lang=\"en\">clear: to guarantee<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that the United States<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">would be directly involved<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">militarily<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> in <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the Syrian<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">civil<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">war.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote3sym\" name=\"sdfootnote3anc\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"en\">Moreover,<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">defines its<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">positions on this issue<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">in which Russia, China <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and Iran<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are also actors<\/span><span lang=\"en\">), <\/span><span lang=\"en\">not according to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey\u2019s dead<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> end <\/span><span lang=\"en\">policy<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> on <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">but according to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">what it needs to carry out<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">for world<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">hegemony.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote4sym\" name=\"sdfootnote4anc\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"en\">In summary<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">due to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the above-mentioned tactics<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the US<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, which is quickly <\/span><span lang=\"en\">renewing its<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">industry and is<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">trying to restore<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its economy,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the intrigue<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the Turkish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">government<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">AKP<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">will not work.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">The US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">has &#8220;a <\/span><span lang=\"en\">long time&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to wage the fight<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">against<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> ISIL. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The prolongation<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of this issue<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">will force the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkish government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to abandon its<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ambitious policies in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the region.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">In fact,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the rapid<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">development of events<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the Middle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">East has<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">greatly limited<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the time for<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a Turkey that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">has still not resolved the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kurdish question<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Turkey is the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">actor who<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">must quickly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">change its position.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">Indeed<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the main dilemma<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is the following:<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the limits<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">imposed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">on<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its regional initiatives<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, in accord with <\/span><span lang=\"en\">its global strategy<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, will inevitably <\/span><span lang=\"en\">allow<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">other imperialist forces<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, starting with <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the European imperialists<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">new opportunities in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the region.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">In addition<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">US<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> tactics <\/span><span lang=\"en\">for the region<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">involve<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">achieving the maximum results<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">with<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">minimum commitments<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and proposing a restrictive platform to the other competing forces. This tactic, however, can lead to the opposite effect. Turkey is aware of this dilemma and is trying to make use of it but it falls short in creating the effect it desires. However, this does not mean that some other imperialist countries cannot benefit from this dilemma more than the United States had anticipated. In particular France and Germany have acted quickly to offer &#8220;help&#8221;!<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">There is also<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">another issue that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">should be highlighted<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">here<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The risk incurred by Turkey is not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">simply that of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">not being able to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">implement<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">an ambitious<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">regional<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">policy.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Moreover, its blackmail policy involving preconditions to tackle a real threat posed by ISIL, has only discredited Turkey in the eyes of world public opinion and of the peoples of the region<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote5sym\" name=\"sdfootnote5anc\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"en\">What is even<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">more serious<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the many consequences<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that this ambitious<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">plan,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">marked<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in part by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a certain secterianism<\/span>, <span lang=\"en\">has had and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">continues to have<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the internal politics<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of Turkey.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">At the time<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of this writing<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">during the clashes that have taken place<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the demonstrations of support for<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the Kurdish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">resistance in Kobane,<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> about 40 <\/span><span lang=\"en\">people lost their lives<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The government has introduced<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">legislation to create<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a climate<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to terrorize<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> all those who pursue <\/span><span lang=\"en\">citizens\u2019<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">rights<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and to expand<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">powers<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">police is only one aspect<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the situation.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">The other aspect is that the process of upheavals in the Middle East and the domestic &#8220;policy of overtures,&#8221; Turkey\u2019s so-called initiatives to resolve decades-long internal conflicts, implemented by the AKP government with the expectation of bringing immense gains to it in the region, were intertwined at a disadvantageous time for them<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote6sym\" name=\"sdfootnote6anc\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">In other words<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the AKP government<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, a <\/span><span lang=\"en\">short period <\/span><span lang=\"en\">after <\/span><span lang=\"en\">coming to power<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">began with<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> its <\/span><span lang=\"en\">neo-Ottoman<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">dreams<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> unstick itself <\/span><span lang=\"en\">here and there<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> from <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the elements of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the &#8220;glue&#8221;<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> that <\/span><span lang=\"en\">holds the Turkish nation together<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">formed by the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kemalists<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">after a long<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">period<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of resorting<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to repression<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and denial.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">The<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">overtures&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">towards<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the Kurds,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Alevis<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Romanis<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, etc., <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to solve the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">historically<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">deep problems<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the country<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">have been declared<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">but despite<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the years<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that have gone by, there have been no real<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">democratic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">steps taken<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to resolve<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> them<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">The government recognizes<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the main problems<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the Republic<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, but <\/span><span lang=\"en\">rather it takes<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">advantage<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of them <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to consolidate<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its domestic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">power and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">also to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">realize its imperial<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ambitions<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">abroad.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Instead of resolving<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">these issues<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in a bourgeois<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8211;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">democratic framework<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the government <\/span><span lang=\"en\">makes<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> them into <\/span><span lang=\"en\">instruments<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of its <\/span><span lang=\"en\">political tactics.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It dissolved the old<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;glue&#8221;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">which covered<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">many national<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, religious <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and regional problems<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">but it did not establish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a new solution<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in its place.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">However<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">these issues<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">remain as open wounds.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">And<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">it is precisely these<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">open wounds<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that leave<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">open<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to all these<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">processes<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">decomposition of the states <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and communities <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the Middle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">East and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> their clashes<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">In summary<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, as a result <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of the greed and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> ambition, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the State<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and the Government of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">risk losing<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">what they already had<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\"><b>The importance of<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en\"><b> the <\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en\"><b>resistance<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en\"><b> of <\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en\"><b>Kobane<\/b><\/span><b> <\/b><span lang=\"en\"><b>for the peoples of<\/b><\/span><b> <\/b><span lang=\"en\"><b>the region<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">What is happening<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the Middle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">East and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in particular<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the current position<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the Kurdish people<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the region and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the democratic struggle<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> that it has waged <\/span><span lang=\"en\">has made the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kurdish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">question a defining one<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">as<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> n<\/span><span lang=\"en\">ever before<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> for the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">near future of Turkey<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">The peace process&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">initiated by the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kurdish national movement<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and for which<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the State has not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">taken any concrete<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">action<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">has introduced a dilemma<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the internal politics<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the government,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">but it still<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">remains a<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">\u201ctrump card\u201d<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the regional dilemmas.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote7sym\" name=\"sdfootnote7anc\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"en\">Moreover<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the positions <\/span><span lang=\"en\">taken by the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">AKP government,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">faced with<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the fearless<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">resistance waged by<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Syrian Kurds<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the town of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane against the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">attacks<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> by <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the Islamic State, show<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">how distant the government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is becoming from its own reality<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> that of <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">region.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">The reasons<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">why the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">government wants<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the fall of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">by militants<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of ISIL are clear.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">This town is one<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the three<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">cantons<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the Kurdish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">autonomy<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> in <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Rojava, which is<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">located<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in northern Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Moreover,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this democratic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">autonomy<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">represents a bad example<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that the Turkish state<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">needs to eliminate<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, since<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> it wants to keep negotiations<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">with the Kurds<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Turkey at a minimal level.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Moreover,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this is not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">only<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> for <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the inspiration<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that it can give to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the Kurds<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of Turkey;<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">also represents<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a danger to the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">oil cooperation<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">between Turkey and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Kurdish autonomy<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in northern<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Iraq.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">The Kurdish <\/span><span lang=\"en\">oil<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in northern<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is sold to the<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> whole <\/span><span lang=\"en\">world through<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">pipelines<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">crossing<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">The existence<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of this autonomous<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">region<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in northern Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> represents <\/span><span lang=\"en\">a risk<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of bypassing<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">these<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">pipelines.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote8sym\" name=\"sdfootnote8anc\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"en\"> For all these reasons<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the AKP government<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> has <\/span><span lang=\"en\">hoped for the fall of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">furthermore it imposed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">as a precondition<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">for<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">negotiations<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">with the United States<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that the latter not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">intervene to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">save this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">town.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">And the US complied with this for some time, until it got what it wanted from Turkey. Furthermore, it was also in its interest that these cantons with certain anti-imperialist characteristics not be consolidated and strengthened, because they represent a democratic example for the peoples of the Middle East and because their struggle is led by an armed organization (PYD \/ PKK) [Democratic Union Party \/ Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party].<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">However<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">these intrigues did not materialize<\/span><span lang=\"en\">! <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The people of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">resisted heroically<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> are <\/span><span lang=\"en\">continuing to resist<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">This resistance has<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> gone very far beyond the boundaries <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">town and has<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">become a<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">symbol for the<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> whole <\/span><span lang=\"en\">world<\/span><span lang=\"en\">! Those forces that are confronting each other in <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Kobane<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> in a way represent the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">past and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">future of the Middle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">East.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">Although it is still not clear what will replace what is now disintegrating in the Middle East, one can say that there are green shoots of a democratic future for the peoples of the region as well as the risk of a primitive sectarian barbarism. It is precisely these<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">two elements<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are confronting each other<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane;<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> this is not <\/span><span lang=\"en\">a coincidence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">Therefore, a US indifference to the fall of this symbol, when it is claiming to be fighting against ISIS, would not only encourage this organization, but it would also discredit the new US initiatives in the region. The more<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">resists<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">more<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">it<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">becomes a<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">symbol,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the more<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">intrigues<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to make it fall<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> have <\/span><span lang=\"en\">failed<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">After all<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the more <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the AKP government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">stubbornly refuses<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to acknowledge this reality<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and therefore<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> really <\/span><span lang=\"en\">enter the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">coalition,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the more the US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">was<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> driven <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to multiply the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">air bombardments to provide<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">support to the population<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Finally<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to further expand<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this support<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, they stated that <\/span><span lang=\"en\">they had met<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">directly with the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">PYD<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8230;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en\" align=\"center\">* * *<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">In<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, starting with <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the Kurds<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the Arabs, Armenians, Syriacs and <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Chechens<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">have come together<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to establish a democratic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">autonomy.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">One can have<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">differences<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">with the concept<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">democratic modernity, autonomy, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">radical democracy<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, etc.) <\/span><span lang=\"en\">that has inspired<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this structure.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It is even<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">possible to think<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of it as<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a utopia<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">something<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">reformist,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and to think that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its foundations<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are fragile.<\/span><sup><span lang=\"en\"><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote9sym\" name=\"sdfootnote9anc\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"en\">But<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">none of this changes<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> in any way <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the importance that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Kobane) represents for <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the peoples of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Middle East.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It means<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that the peoples<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the different nationalities<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and communities can<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">work together<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in a democratic environment<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and determine their own future<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">They<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">can do this <\/span><span lang=\"en\">with a <\/span><span lang=\"en\">democratic conception and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">spirit<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and they can<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">fight collectively<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">for it<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">without becoming part of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">an imperialist project or becoming<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">imperialist lackeys<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">Our Party<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">supports this initiative<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the peoples of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, this <\/span><span lang=\"en\">democratic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">conception<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and spirit, this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">struggle<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> that is <\/span><span lang=\"en\">exemplary for<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the peoples<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the Middle East<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">today<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">But<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this support<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">should not be seen<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">as a simple question<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of solidarity.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">In fact,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey today<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is a country that<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">on the one hand,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is open<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to the disintegration<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that is taking place<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the Middle<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">East,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to various<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">provocations<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and incitements<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the peoples<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> against each <\/span><span lang=\"en\">other and<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">on the other hand<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, it is a <\/span><span lang=\"en\">country<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ruled by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that is becoming<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> ever <\/span><span lang=\"en\">more violent to the degree that its<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">failures<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are aggravated<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the mass struggle increases<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><span lang=\"en\">In this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">context in which<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the masses<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">are pushed to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">understand the events<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">from a<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">communal<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, nationalist and <\/span><span lang=\"en\">chauvinist<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> point of <\/span><span lang=\"en\">view<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, our Party <\/span><span lang=\"en\">gives<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the utmost importance<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to the broadest unity of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the masses<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of different nationalities<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">around<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the democratic demands and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">objectives<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">as well as broadening the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">actions<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to build<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this unity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><strong><span lang=\"en\">October 2014<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">Although<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the dynamism<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the forces<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the ISIL now seems<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">surprising<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, it is enough to consider <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ethnic<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">communal<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">schism,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">which appeared after<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the occupation of Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">by the US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">how the attempts<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">at intervention in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Syria have<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">exacerbated these<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">contradictions<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to note that the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">scene that appears<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">today is<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">not a surprise&#8230;<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Qaeda, which <\/span><span lang=\"en\">did not exist in Iraq before<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, found <\/span><span lang=\"en\">fertile ground<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">among the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Sunnis who<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">were<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> disparaged <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in the context<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> ethnic-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">communal<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> contradiction. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The surrogates<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Qaeda <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in Iraq, who<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">since 2003 have been responsible for<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">many<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">deadly attacks,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">took the name of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Qaeda <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">The <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Islamic State of Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">\u2013<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ISI)<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in 2004.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">With the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">outbreak of the fighting<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, the militants <\/span><span lang=\"en\">of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Islamic State of Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">who went<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to Syria<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">founded the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-Nusra Front<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">under the leadership of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Abu<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Muhammad<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Joulani. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">The<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-Nusra Front<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">managed to<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> attract <\/span><span lang=\"en\">militants<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">from all regions<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the world,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">from Georgia to Europe<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, from Libya <\/span><span lang=\"en\">and Tunisia<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">through Afghanistan<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, which allowed <\/span><span lang=\"en\">its leader,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Joulani, to <\/span><span lang=\"en\">consolidate control over<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the organization.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Then in April 2013<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">leader of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Islamic State of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Iraq (ISI<\/span><span lang=\"en\">), Abu <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Bakr<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Baghdadi, announced <\/span><span lang=\"en\">through<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a recording<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-Nusra Front<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">was a branch<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">ISI<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and that the two<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">organizations<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">had united under the name<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">ISIL. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">But the leader of<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Al-Nusra Front<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">said<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that this union<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">had not taken place and<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that they<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">were affiliated with the leader of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Qaeda<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Ayman<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Zawahiri. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">In<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">June of 2013,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the latter said he<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">was against<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">such a merger<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the two organizations<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, but <\/span><span lang=\"en\">al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Baghdadi <\/span><span lang=\"en\">refused to obey<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this order.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">During this period the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ISIL<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">also carried<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">out attacks on<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">other Islamist<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">groups, including<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">against the militants<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> of <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Nusra <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Front<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and quickly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">became<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the largest organization in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">northern Syria.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">It managed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to control the border<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">posts and<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> to <\/span><span lang=\"en\">form an<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">emirate in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the town of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Rakka<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and thus became<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">owner of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">oilfields.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Towards<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the end of 2013<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">after having conquered<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the town of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Deir<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ez<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Zur<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">near the border<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">with<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Iraq,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ISIL<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> rapidly <\/span><span lang=\"en\">established relations with<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Sunni<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">tribes of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the village of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Anbar, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">who were<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">violently<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">opposed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to the Maliki government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Iraq. After the murder of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">brother of<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">Sunni<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Deputy<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Ahmed<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">el-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Alvani<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> in his home<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in an operation<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">organized by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">government forces<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in the village of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Al-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Anbar<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">December 2013<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ISIL<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">was able to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">conquer<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the towns of<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Ramadi<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and Fallujah<\/span><span lang=\"en\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">It<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">then proclaimed the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Emirate<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Fallujah.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Also<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">ISIL<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">which had been supported<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">by Turkey<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and Saudi<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Arabia on behalf<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of the successful<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">interventions<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Syria<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">quickly<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">obtained the conditions to conquer the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">regions populated by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Sunni<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">tribes who were in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">violent opposition<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to the Maliki government<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Iraq.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote2\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote2anc\" name=\"sdfootnote2sym\">2<\/a> <span lang=\"tr-TR\">Obviously the issue is not limited with the consequencies of imperialist interventions. Countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, etc. have been states with a lot of difficulties because of the disintegrated economies caused by wrold capitalism. Therefore, they have similar problems with other countries in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote3\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote3anc\" name=\"sdfootnote3sym\">3<\/a> \u201c<span lang=\"en\">The United States<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">needs<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey to join<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the fight<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">against ISIL.<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">But Turkey<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> won\u2019t do it <\/span><span lang=\"en\">without<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> dragging the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">US<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">deeper into Syria\u2019s<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">civil<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">war.\u201d<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kate<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Brannen<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Blackmail <\/span><span lang=\"en\">in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the Buffer Zone<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;, <\/span><span lang=\"en\"><i>Foreign Policy<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en\">,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">October 15, 2014<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote4\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote4anc\" name=\"sdfootnote4sym\">4<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">We cannot predict<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">today whether<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">or not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">these<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">measures will require<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a buffer zone in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the future<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote5\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote5anc\" name=\"sdfootnote5sym\">5<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">The<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">fact that Turkey,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">at the time<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of this writing, has not been elected to be<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a member of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">United Nations Security Council<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is related to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">this loss<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of its reputation. <\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Moreover,<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">some Western writers <\/span><span lang=\"en\">are <\/span><span lang=\"en\">beginning to state<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> that <\/span><span lang=\"en\">to the extent<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that Turkey<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">continues to pursue its<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">policy against<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kobane, it<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">should<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">question its<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">membership in NATO<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote6\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote6anc\" name=\"sdfootnote6sym\">6<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">In other<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">words, this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">interlinking<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">occurs in<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">a context<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in which it is not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Turkey<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is influencing the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">region, but<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">on the contrary it is<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the region<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is influencing Turkey.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote7\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote7anc\" name=\"sdfootnote7sym\">7<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">The recent<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">statements by<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">government show<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that it<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">is aware that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">not<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> to <\/span><span lang=\"en\">unblock this<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">&#8220;peace process<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8221; <\/span><span lang=\"en\">could<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">cause it to lose<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its best \u201ctrump card<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.\u201d <\/span><span lang=\"en\">But it is not<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">certain that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the steps<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">that it claims<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">to be ready to make will<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">be<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">sufficient<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> to dispel the <\/span><span lang=\"en\">doubts<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> that <\/span><span lang=\"en\">its policy<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of recent weeks<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> have <\/span><span lang=\"en\">caused<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> among <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the Kurdish people <\/span><span lang=\"en\">as to this<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> &#8220;peace process<\/span><span lang=\"en\">&#8220;.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote8\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote8anc\" name=\"sdfootnote8sym\">8<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">According to<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">the latest reports<\/span><span lang=\"en\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en\">the Parliament of the<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">regional<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Kurdish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">autonomy<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">in Iraq<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">decided &#8220;to establish<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">official relations with<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">Rojava<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote9\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote-western\" lang=\"en-GB\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote9anc\" name=\"sdfootnote9sym\">9<\/a> <span lang=\"en\">In our<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">theoretical journals our Party<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">has already published<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">its analysis<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">of this concept<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">and the theories that<\/span> <span lang=\"en\">have inspired this<\/span><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since last summer, world public opinion has been following what is happening in the Middle East with great astonishment, anxiety and anger. As of June, the people of Iraq and Syria are facing a barbarism embodied particularly by the actions of the forces of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).1 Medieval religious&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Entanglements and Disintegration in the Middle East - Labour Party, Turkey (EMEP)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/emep.org\/en\/strangulation-and-dissolution-in-the-middle-east\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entanglements and Disintegration in the Middle East - Labour Party, Turkey (EMEP)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Since last summer, world public opinion has been following what is happening in the Middle East with great astonishment, anxiety and anger. 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